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Illegal drug trade in Colombia ((スペイン語:Narcotráfico en Colombia)) refers to a practice of Colombian criminal groups of producing and distributing illegal drugs. Colombia has had four major drug trafficking cartels and several ''bandas criminales'', or BACRIMs〔International Crisis Group. "(Dismantling Colombia's New Illegal Armed Groups: Lessons from a Surrender )", (CrisisGroup.org ). 8 June 2012. Retrieved 31 July 2014.〕 which eventually created a new social class and influenced several aspects of Colombian culture and politics. The Colombian government efforts to reduce the influence of drug related criminal organizations is one of the origins of the Colombian conflict, an ongoing low intensity war among rival narco-paramilitary groups, guerrillas and drug cartels fighting each other to increase their influence and against the Colombian government that struggles to stop them. Coca, marijuana and other drugs had been part of the lifestyle of some Colombians, but the worldwide demand of psychoactive drugs during the 1960s and 1970s eventually increased the production and processing of these in Colombia. Cocaine is produced at $1500/kilo in jungle labs and could be sold on the streets of America for as much as $50,000/kilo.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Business - Colombian Traffickers - Drug Wars - FRONTLINE - PBS )〕 The initial boom in production of drugs in Colombia for export began with marijuana in the 1960s, followed by cocaine in the mid- to late-1970s. The USA intervened in Colombia throughout this period in an attempt to cut off the supply of these drugs to the US. The drug barons of Colombia, such as Pablo Escobar and Carlos Lehder were long considered by authorities to be among the most dangerous, wealthy and powerful men in the world. As of 2013 Colombia was the world's largest cocaine producer,this link is not current but has since been displaced by Peru.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=UNODC Brasil e Cone Sul )〕 Since the establishment of the War on Drugs, the United States and European countries have provided financial, logistical, tactical and military aid to the government of Colombia in order to implement plans to combat the illegal drug trade. The most notable of these programs has been the Plan Colombia which also intended to combat leftist organizations, such as the FARC guerrillas, who have controlled many coca-growing regions in Colombia over the past decades. Despite Colombia having the dubious distinction of being the world leading producer of coca for many years〔(usinfo.state.gov )〕 those plans, slowly but surely, diminished the drug produced, to the extent that in 2010 the country reduced cocaine production by 60%, relative to the peak in 2000. In that same year, Peru surpassed Colombia as the main producer of coca leaves in the world.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=UNODC Brasil e Cone Sul )〕 The level of drug related violence was halved in the last 10 years and dropped below that of countries like Honduras, Jamaica, El Salvador, Venezuela, Guatemala and Trinidad and Tobago〔List of countries by intentional homicide rate〕 Colombia has acted in a more aggressive way than most of the countries signatories of the 1988 Vienna Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, by including chemicals and drug precursors, that are freely traded in the rest of the world, in the list of nationally controlled substances.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=El narcotráfico en Colombia )〕 Notwithstanding the internal production of drugs, the rate of internal consumption in Colombia is smaller than the one presented in the United States and in many of the countries of the European Union and the absolute drug consumption is even smaller.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Alcoholism Home Page )〕 Given the fact that the population of the United States is the largest user of illegal drugs in the world, with one in six citizens claiming to have used cocaine in their life, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), after reviewing the efficiency of the actions taken by the Colombian government for more than 20 years, has called for the coke consuming countries - mostly in Europe and North America - to take their share of responsibility and reduce demand for cocaine,〔 explaining that there are limits to what the Andean governments can do if cocaine consumption continues unabated, a position that has been maintained by the Colombian government for many years and recently accepted by the United States government.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=ght@bVʐMɊւ邨T̃y[W͌܂B )〕 The actions of the Colombian National Police against drug trafficking have been so effective that the country has captured and extradited drug lords to the rate of over 100 per year for the last 10 years and currently gives technical advice to 7 countries in Latin America and 12 in Africa.〔http://www.univision.com/contentroot/wirefeeds/world/8242708.shtml〕 Drug traffickers have resisted those actions by killing nothing less than the five presidential candidates Luis Carlos Galán Sarmiento, Jaime Pardo Leal, Bernardo Jaramillo Ossa, Alvaro Gómez Hurtado and Carlos Pizarro Leongómez, by allegedly planning and financing the Palace of Justice siege that left 11 of the 25 Supreme Court Justices dead, by killing over 3.000 members of the Union Patriótica, a legal political party, and by assassinating countless police officers, judges and witnesses.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=El holocausto colombiano. Un croquis para reflexionar )〕 ==Drug production== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Illegal drug trade in Colombia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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